References Formatting Template (Chicago Style, 17th Edition)

References Formatting Template (Chicago Style, 17th Edition)

1. Books

  • Format (Bibliography):
    Author(s). Title of the Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.

  • Example (Bibliography):
    Smith, John A. Understanding Energy Economics. Chicago: Energy Press, 2020.

  • Format (Footnote/Endnote):
    Author(s), Title of the Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), page number(s).

  • Example (Footnote/Endnote):
    John A. Smith, Understanding Energy Economics (Chicago: Energy Press, 2020), 45.

2. Edited Books

  • Format (Bibliography):
    Editor(s), ed(s). Title of the Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.

  • Example (Bibliography):
    Brown, Lisa B., and Peter H. Green, eds. Global Energy Challenges. New York: Academic Press, 2019.

  • Format (Footnote/Endnote):
    Editor(s), ed(s.), Title of the Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), page number(s).

  • Example (Footnote/Endnote):
    Lisa B. Brown and Peter H. Green, eds., Global Energy Challenges (New York: Academic Press, 2019), 102-118.

3. Book Chapters

  • Format (Bibliography):
    Author(s) of the chapter. "Title of the Chapter." In Title of the Book, edited by Editor(s), page range. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.

  • Example (Bibliography):
    Johnson, Mark C. "Renewable Energy in Urban Areas." In Sustainable Energy Solutions, edited by Robert D. Thomas and Susan F. Walker, 102-118. London: Earth Press, 2021.

  • Format (Footnote/Endnote):
    Author(s), "Title of the Chapter," in Title of the Book, ed. Editor(s) (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), page number(s).

  • Example (Footnote/Endnote):
    Mark C. Johnson, "Renewable Energy in Urban Areas," in Sustainable Energy Solutions, ed. Robert D. Thomas and Susan F. Walker (London: Earth Press, 2021), 110.

4. Journal Articles

  • Format (Bibliography):
    Author(s). "Title of the Article." Title of the Journal volume number, issue number (Year of Publication): page range.

  • Example (Bibliography):
    Miller, Robert J. "Energy Policy and Economic Development." Journal of Energy Studies 15, no. 3 (2020): 45-59.

  • Format (Footnote/Endnote):
    Author(s), "Title of the Article," Title of the Journal volume number, issue number (Year of Publication): page number(s).

  • Example (Footnote/Endnote):
    Robert J. Miller, "Energy Policy and Economic Development," Journal of Energy Studies 15, no. 3 (2020): 50.

5. Articles from Online Journals (without DOI)

  • Format (Bibliography):
    Author(s). "Title of the Article." Title of the Journal volume number, issue number (Year of Publication): page range. URL.

  • Example (Bibliography):
    Harris, Amanda L. "Green Energy and Economic Stability." Energy Economics 22, no. 4 (2018): 78-91. www.journalofenergyeconomics.com/greeneconomics.

6. Conference Papers

  • Format (Bibliography):
    Author(s). "Title of the Paper." In Proceedings of the [Conference Name], edited by Editor(s), page range. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.

  • Example (Bibliography):
    Taylor, Steven W., and Xueping Zhang. "Energy Transition in Developing Countries." In Proceedings of the International Energy Conference, edited by Michael L. Evans and Timothy K. White, 234-240. Berlin: GreenTech Publishing, 2022.

  • Format (Footnote/Endnote):
    Author(s), "Title of the Paper," in Proceedings of the [Conference Name], ed. Editor(s) (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), page number(s).

  • Example (Footnote/Endnote):
    Steven W. Taylor and Xueping Zhang, "Energy Transition in Developing Countries," in Proceedings of the International Energy Conference, ed. Michael L. Evans and Timothy K. White (Berlin: GreenTech Publishing, 2022), 235.

7. Dissertations and Theses

  • Format (Bibliography):
    Author(s). Title of Dissertation/Thesis. PhD diss., University Name, Year of Publication.

  • Example (Bibliography):
    Davis, Christopher P. Renewable Energy Integration in Small Economies. PhD diss., University of Global Studies, 2021.

  • Format (Footnote/Endnote):
    Author(s), Title of Dissertation/Thesis (PhD diss., University Name, Year of Publication), page number(s).

  • Example (Footnote/Endnote):
    Christopher P. Davis, Renewable Energy Integration in Small Economies (PhD diss., University of Global Studies, 2021), 34.

8. Government Reports

  • Format (Bibliography):
    Government Agency. Title of the Report. Report No. [Report Number]. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.

  • Example (Bibliography):
    U.S. Department of Energy. Annual Energy Report. Report No. DOE-2020-045. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2020.

  • Format (Footnote/Endnote):
    Government Agency, Title of the Report, Report No. [Report Number] (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication), page number(s).

  • Example (Footnote/Endnote):
    U.S. Department of Energy, Annual Energy Report, Report No. DOE-2020-045 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2020), 5.

9. Webpages

  • Format (Bibliography):
    Author(s). "Title of the Webpage." Website Name. Last modified Month Day, Year. URL.

  • Example (Bibliography):
    Green, Adam. "The Future of Solar Energy." Renewable Energy Institute. Last modified June 15, 2021. www.renewableenergyinstitute.org/solarfuture.

  • Format (Footnote/Endnote):
    Author(s), "Title of the Webpage," Website Name, last modified Month Day, Year, URL.

  • Example (Footnote/Endnote):
    Adam Green, "The Future of Solar Energy," Renewable Energy Institute, last modified June 15, 2021, www.renewableenergyinstitute.org/solarfuture.

10. Blogs

  • Format (Bibliography):
    Author(s). "Title of the Blog Post." Blog Name. Last modified Month Day, Year. URL.

  • Example (Bibliography):
    Perez, David. "The Impact of Energy Policy on Global Markets." Energy Today. Last modified September 10, 2019. www.energytoday.com/impactenergy.

  • Format (Footnote/Endnote):
    Author(s), "Title of the Blog Post," Blog Name, last modified Month Day, Year, URL.

  • Example (Footnote/Endnote):
    David Perez, "The Impact of Energy Policy on Global Markets," Energy Today, last modified September 10, 2019, www.energytoday.com/impactenergy.

11. Newspaper and Magazine Articles

  • Format (Bibliography):
    Author(s). "Title of the Article." Title of the Newspaper or Magazine, Month Day, Year. URL.

  • Example (Bibliography):
    Brown, Thomas. "The Future of Wind Energy in Europe." The New York Times, November 21, 2020. www.nytimes.com/energyfuture.

  • Format (Footnote/Endnote):
    Author(s), "Title of the Article," Title of the Newspaper or Magazine, Month Day, Year, URL.

  • Example (Footnote/Endnote):
    Thomas Brown, "The Future of Wind Energy in Europe," The New York Times, November 21, 2020, www.nytimes.com/energyfuture.

12. Podcasts

  • Format (Bibliography):
    Host(s). "Title of the Episode." Title of the Podcast. Last modified Month Day, Year. URL.

  • Example (Bibliography):
    Roberts, Stephen. "The Challenges of the Global Energy Transition." Energy Insights. Last modified May 4, 2021. www.energyinsights.com/episode98.

  • Format (Footnote/Endnote):
    Host(s), "Title of the Episode," Title of the Podcast, last modified Month Day, Year, URL.

  • Example (Footnote/Endnote):
    Stephen Roberts, "The Challenges of the Global Energy Transition," Energy Insights, last modified May 4, 2021, www.energyinsights.com/episode98.

13. Videos

  • Format (Bibliography):
    Author(s) or Creator(s). "Title of the Video." Website Name. Last modified Month Day, Year. URL.

  • Example (Bibliography):
    Harris, Lauren. "Understanding Energy Economics." YouTube. Last modified June 10, 2020. www.youtube.com/watch?v=abcd1234.

  • Format (Footnote/Endnote):
    Author(s) or Creator(s), "Title of the Video," Website Name, last modified Month Day, Year, URL.

  • Example (Footnote/Endnote):
    Lauren Harris, "Understanding Energy Economics," YouTube, last modified June 10, 2020, www.youtube.com/watch?v=abcd1234.

14. Interviews

  • Format (Bibliography):
    Interviewee. Title or Description of the Interview. Interviewed by Interviewer's Name. Month Day, Year.

  • Example (Bibliography):
    Jenkins, Michael. The Future of Renewable Energy. Interviewed by Rachel Clark. March 22, 2021.

  • Format (Footnote/Endnote):
    Interviewee, Title or Description of the Interview, interviewed by Interviewer's Name, Month Day, Year.

  • Example (Footnote/Endnote):
    Michael Jenkins, The Future of Renewable Energy, interviewed by Rachel Clark, March 22, 2021.

15. Personal Communications (Emails, Personal Interviews, etc.)

  • Format (In-text citation only, not in the Reference list):
    Author(s), personal communication, Month Day, Year.

  • Example (In-text citation):
    (John A. Smith, personal communication, August 3, 2020)